Which type of reaction involves the burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen?

The correct choice involves the specific type of reaction known as combustion, which is characterized by the burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen. In a combustion reaction, a fuel, typically a hydrocarbon, reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of heat and light. This is a common reaction that occurs in many everyday processes, such as burning fossil fuels for energy or during metabolism in living organisms.

The distinctive feature of combustion reactions is their exothermic nature, meaning they release energy, which is a hallmark of this type of chemical change. The combustion of hydrocarbons, for instance, is critical for energy generation in engines and power plants.

Other types of reactions mentioned, such as synthesis, decomposition, and single replacement, do not specifically involve the burning of a substance in oxygen. Synthesis reactions involve the combination of two or more reactants to form a single product, decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances, and single replacement reactions involve the exchange of one element in a compound for another element. Each of these reaction types has its unique characteristics that set them apart from combustion reactions.