Which type of reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings?

The correct choice identifies an endothermic reaction as one that absorbs energy from its surroundings. In an endothermic reaction, the system takes in heat energy, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the environment. This process is characterized by the reactants having a lower energy state than the products, which requires an input of energy to occur.

Common examples of endothermic reactions include photosynthesis, where plants absorb sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, and the dissolution of certain salts in water, which feels cold to the touch due to the energy being absorbed.

In contrast, an exothermic reaction releases energy to the surroundings, often in the form of heat, which raises the temperature of the environment. Catalytic reactions involve catalysts that speed up reactions without being consumed but do not inherently describe energy absorption or release. Combustion reactions, like burning fuels, are typically exothermic as they release heat and light energy. Thus, endothermic reactions are distinctly characterized by their absorption of energy, making it the correct answer for the question about energy dynamics in reactions.