Which of the following describes the structure of an atom?

The structure of an atom is accurately described as consisting of a nucleus that is surrounded by orbiting electrons. The nucleus, which is found at the center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons, contributing to most of the atom's mass. The electrons, which have a negative charge, occupy regions around the nucleus referred to as electron shells or orbitals. These orbitals represent the probable locations of electrons based on quantum mechanics, and the arrangement of electrons determines the atom's chemical properties and behavior.

This model helps to explain various phenomena in chemistry, such as bonding and the formation of molecules, where the arrangement and interaction of electrons play a crucial role. The concept of the nucleus surrounded by electrons aligns with the widely accepted atomic model developed over many years of scientific study, making it a reliable representation of atomic structure.