What occurs during the process of electrolysis?

During electrolysis, a compound is broken down into its individual components using electrical energy. This process involves passing an electric current through an electrolyte, which can be a liquid that contains ions. As the current flows, it induces a chemical reaction at the electrodes, leading to the decomposition of the compound.

For example, when water undergoes electrolysis, it is split into hydrogen and oxygen gas. The electrodes facilitate the transfer of electrons, which is essential for breaking the chemical bonds within the compound. This method is particularly useful in various applications, including the extraction of metals from their ores and the production of gases for industrial use.

Understanding this process highlights the role of electrical energy in chemical reactions, distinguishing it from other methods such as chemical synthesis, evaporation, or spontaneous reactions that do not require an external energy source to occur.