What is a cation?

A cation is defined as a positively charged ion that is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. This process results in an excess of protons compared to electrons, leading to a net positive charge. Cations play a crucial role in various chemical reactions and the formation of ionic compounds.

In contrast, a negatively charged ion, known as an anion, is created when an atom gains electrons. An ion with an equal number of protons and electrons is considered a neutral atom rather than a charged ion. The term "unstable ion" does not accurately describe cations, as stability can vary depending on the context and the specific element involved. Thus, the description of cations aligns precisely with the definition of a positively charged ion formed from the loss of electrons.