What are molecules?

Molecules are defined as a group of two or more atoms bonded together through chemical bonds. This definition encompasses both diatomic molecules, which consist of two atoms (like O2 or N2), and larger, more complex molecules formed from various types of atoms (like H2O or C6H12O6). The bonding typically involves covalent bonds, where atoms share electrons, creating a stable unit that behaves as a distinct entity.

Understanding this concept is crucial, as it differentiates molecules from other entities in chemistry, such as single atoms, which constitute the elements themselves, and independent atoms present in a gaseous state, which are not bonded to form molecules. In essence, molecules represent a specific arrangement of atoms that results in the unique properties and behaviors observed in different substances. This foundational knowledge is vital for studying chemical reactions, molecular structure, and the properties of matter.