According to the Collision Theory, what must happen for a chemical reaction to occur?

For a chemical reaction to occur, it is crucial that particles collide with sufficient energy and in the correct orientation. This principle stems from the Collision Theory, which posits that reactions require particles to not only meet but do so effectively. Energetic collisions provide the necessary activation energy, enabling the reactants to reach a transition state that leads to products. Meanwhile, the correct orientation ensures that the reactive parts of the molecules are aligned properly, maximizing the likelihood of bond formation. Both conditions—adequate energy and proper orientation—are essential for transforming reactants into products during a chemical reaction.